Reductions of interval nonlinear programming problem

A general nonlinear programming problem with interval functions is considered. Two reductions of this problem to the deterministic nonlinear programming problem are proposed, and illustrative examples are discussed.     

Ground-state properties of LiV2O4 and Li1-xZnx(V1-yTiy)2O4

We present susceptibility, microwave resistivity, NMR and heat-capacity results for Li_1-xZn_x(V_1-yTi_y)₂O₄ with 0 ? x ? 0.3 and 0 ? y ? 0.3. For all doping levels the susceptibility curves can be fitted with a Curie-Weiss law. The paramagnetic Curie-Weiss temperatures remain negative with an average value close to that of the pure compound Θ≈ - 36 K. Spin-glass anomalies are observed in the susceptibility, heat-capacity and NMR measurements for both type of dopants. From the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate we found critical-dynamic behavior in the Zn doped compounds at the freezing temperatures. For the Ti-doped samples two successive freezing transitions into disordered low-temperature states can be detected. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity for Zn-doped compounds does not resemble that of canonical spin glasses and only a small fraction of the total vanadium entropy is frozen at the spin-glass transitions. For pure LiV₂O₄ the spin-glass transition is completely suppressed. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity for LiV₂O₄ can be described using a nuclear Schottky contribution and the non-Fermi liquid model, appropriate for a system close to a spin-glass quantum critical point. Finally an ( x / y , T )-phase diagram for the low-doping regime is presented. Received 16 March 2001 and Received in final form 30 October 2001     

Ferromagnetic Zr1−xMnxCo2 laves phase compounds

Structure and magnetic properties of the Zr_1−xMn_xCo_2+δ alloys were studied for 0 x <0.7, δ=0, 0.45. The cubic C15 Laves phase structure shows Mn solubility up to x≈0.4. The other Laves phase with the hexagonal C36 structure found for x0.5 apparently has a small region of Mn solubility in the vicinity of Zr_0.4Mn_0.6Co₂. Though the parent Mn-free compounds are known to be paramagnetic, the Mn-substituted alloys show ferromagnetic behavior with the Curie temperatures up to 625 K and the room-temperature saturation magnetization of about 100 emu/g. The onset of ferromagnetism with the Mn substitution for Zr may be caused by polarization of itinerant 3d electrons, like it was earlier supposed for the off-stoichiometric ZrCo_2+δ. The universal composition dependencies of the intrinsic magnetic properties for different δ can be obtained, if plotted against the amount of zirconium atoms missing in its sublattice. The room-temperature anisotropy with the noticeable anisotropy field of 24 kOe and the 1 1 0 easy magnetization direction laying in a basal plane was found in the hexagonal Zr_0.5Mn_0.5Co₂.     

Ergodic properties and thermodynamic behavior of elementary reversible cellular automata. I. Basic properties

This is the first part of a series devoted to the study of thermodynamic behavior of large dynamical systems with the use of a family of fully-discrete and conservative models named elementary reversible cellular automata (ERCAs). In this paper, basic properties such as conservation laws and phase space structure are investigated in preparation for the later studies. ERCAs are a family of one-dimensional reversible cellular automata having two Boolean variables on each site. Reflection and Boolean conjugation symmetries divide them into 88 equivalence classes. For each rule, additive conserved quantities written in a certain form are regarded as a kind of energy, if they exist. By the aid of the discreteness of the variables, every ERCA satisfies the Liouville theorem or the preservation of phase space volume. Thus, if an energy exists in the above sense, statistical mechanics of the model can formally be constructed. If a locally defined quantity is conserved, however, it prevents the realization of statistical mechanics. The existence of such a quantity is examined for each class and a number of rules which have at least one energy but no local conservation laws are selected as hopeful candidates for the realization of thermodynamic behavior. In addition, the phase space structure of ERCAs is analyzed by enumerating cycles exactly in the phase space for systems of comparatively small sizes. As a result, it is revealed that a finite ERCA is not ergodic, that is, a large number of orbits coexist on an energy surface. It is argued that this fact does not necessarily mean the failure of thermodynamic behavior on the basis of an analogy with the ergodic nature of infinite systems.     

在高密度下核物质的色超导性

建立了相变热力学理论和场论的关系. 强调在量子场论中必须引进序参量场， 则相变的讨论就类似于Goldstone bosons 的产生. 如果只讨论一级相变， Goldstone bosons场就足够了; 如果要讨论二级相变， 则必须讨论一系列的场， 这些场构成一个对称群的表示. 另外, 也将这一思想用到色超导中. In this paper we built a relation between the thermodynamical theory of the phase transition and field theory. We emphasized that in the quantum field theory we have to introduce the order parameter fields. Then the discussion of the phase transition is closed to the creation of the Goldstone bosons. If we only discuss the first order transition, the Goldstone bosons fields are sufficient. If we want to discuss the second order transition, we have to discuss a set of fields that constructs a representation of a symmetry group. We also apply this concept to color superconductivity.     

Indirect Oxidation of Organic Substances by Intermediates of the Oxygen Reduction

Results of two urgent and practically important directions of research on the indirect oxidation of organic compounds by highly reactive intermediates generated electrochemically from oxygen (HO₂ ^–, HO₂ ^·, HO^·) are considered and orderly arranged. The studies in question are the indirect synthesis and mineralization of organic toxicants in waste water.     

Polyaniline/12-phosphotungstic acid/V<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> nanocomposite and its platinum analog as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts

A guest-host nanocomposite based on electroconducting polyaniline doped with 12-phosphotungstic acid and V₂O₅ as well as its bifunctional analog containing not more than 5 mass% nanosized platinum were obtained. A study was carried out on the structure of these nanocomposites, their redox characteristics, and electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of oxygen. These nanocomposites were found to display catalytic properties in the electrochemical reduction of oxygen, while the presence of even a slight amount of nanosized platinum in the bifunctional composite leads to a significant increase in its electrocatalytic activity. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 307–314, September–October, 2007.     

Resistivity－temperature characteristics of sol gel YBa2Cu3Oy samples synthesized in flowing oxygen atmosphere

The relationship of resistivity versus synthesizing temperature of sol gel YBa_2Cu_3O_y samples was studied when prepared under flowing oxygen conditions. A set of high-temperature ρ－T curves was obtained for the whole process. After the sample finished the test measuring, its resistivity was ρ_{300}=9.83×10^{-3 }Ω·cm at room temperature. The ρ－T curve also showed that the orthorhombic－tetragonal phase transformation of sol-gel YBa_2Cu_3O_y sample occurred at 581℃ for the sample in the rising temperature process, but at 613℃ in the cooling process, lower than that of the samples made by using the conventional powder metallurgy methods.     

热致型胆甾酯液晶的相变研究

使用偏光显微镜观察胆甾烯壬酸酯液晶的相变，发现在不同的温度变化条件下液晶相变过程是不同的．本文讨论了其变化规律．     

Quantum Teleportation via Hybrid Entangled States

In this paper, we study quantum teleportation of atomic states via a hybrid entangled state (HES) involving an atom and a cavity field. And we investigate how to implement controlled phase (CP) gates between atomic internal Finally, a brief discussion about the feasibility of this scheme in experiment is presented.